The Work of Art is a visionary compendium of ephemera that makes visible the bridge between idea and artwork.
The Work of Art is a visionary compendium of ephemera that makes visible the bridge between idea and artwork.
Richard Munson’s splendid biography of Benjamin Franklin provides an insightful view of the statesman’s lesser known accomplishments in science.
Richard Munson’s splendid biography of Benjamin Franklin provides an insightful view of the statesman’s lesser known accomplishments in science.
Lili Anolik’s Didion and Babitz is a freewheeling and engaging narrative about two iconic literary rivals and their world in 1970s Los Angeles.
Lili Anolik’s Didion and Babitz is a freewheeling and engaging narrative about two iconic literary rivals and their world in 1970s Los Angeles.
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Globalization, according to Charles C. Mann, began in December of 1492, when Christopher Columbus established what he hoped would be a permanent settlement in what is now the Dominican Republic. (It lasted for five years.) Thus began what historian Alfred W. Crosby called the Columbian Exchange. Following Crosby’s lead, noted scientific journalist Mann, using the latest scholarship and his own trips to sites around the world, demonstrates the crucial importance of that exchange in 1493: Uncovering the New World Columbus Created, a follow-up to his critically acclaimed 1491: New Revelations of the Americas Before Columbus.

Mann shows that globalization was not just economic and cultural, but was also, maybe even primarily, a biological phenomenon. Some biologists say it was the beginning of a new biological era: the Homogenocene, a mixing of new substances to create a uniform blend. Organisms from the separate hemispheres could now travel to, and prosper in, locations halfway around the world. Many historians consider the introduction of the hardy potato (native to the Americas) to Europe as a watershed historical moment. But these exchanges were not always beneficent. Among other things, Columbus brought viruses that caused epidemic diseases such as cholera, typhus and smallpox to the Americas, where they were previously unknown—with catastrophic results. During the 16th and 17th centuries, such diseases were responsible for the deaths of at least three-fourths of the native population of the Americas.

Globalization extended beyond the interchange between Europe and the Americas. In 1570, two Spanish explorers, Miguel Lopez de Legazpi and Andres Ochoa de Urdaneta y Cerain, did what Columbus was unable to do: initiate trade with wealthy China by sailing west. They did for economics what Columbus did for ecology. For 2,000 years the population of China had grown slowly. That changed when American crops were introduced there and the population soared. What became known as the “galleon trade” brought together Asia, Europe, the Americas and, less directly, Africa, in a network of exchange for the first time in history.

Mann’s sweeping overview invites us to interpret history a bit differently than more conventional approaches. One of the most compelling subjects is the crucial role played by the slave trade and the Indians in developing what became the United States. Although textbooks indicate that the Europeans moved into a sparsely populated hemisphere, in fact the hemisphere was already home to millions of inhabitants. And most of the movement into the Americas was by Africans, who easily became the majority population in places not controlled by native tribes. One recent study has calculated that in the period between 1500 and 1840, three Africans were brought to the Americas for every European.

In one fascinating discussion, Mann relates how malaria, to which many in West and Central Africa are largely immune, assisted in slavery’s development. Although it is unlikely that they were conscious of it at first, planters with slaves had an economic advantage over planters who used indentured servants, who were more likely to come down with the disease. As that became apparent, the most successful planters imported additional slaves, and other planters who wished to prosper did the same thing.

There is so much more in Mann’s engaging and well-written book. Information and insight abound on every page. This dazzling display of erudition, theory and insight will help readers to view history in a fresh way.

Globalization, according to Charles C. Mann, began in December of 1492, when Christopher Columbus established what he hoped would be a permanent settlement in what is now the Dominican Republic. (It lasted for five years.) Thus began what historian Alfred W. Crosby called the Columbian…

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Ireland’s 20-year transformation from Europe’s poor stepchild to economic powerhouse has been well documented by both business and travel writers. David Yeadon is the later, well known for seeking out and reporting on some of the world’s less-traveled places. When Yeadon wondered if such a “hidden” place still exists in the new Ireland, acquaintances pointed him to the Beara Peninsula, a 30-mile-long finger of land, just south of the tourist-overrun Ring of Kerry and Dingle, yet a world apart.

Yeadon and his wife, Anne, made a number of lengthy excursions to Beara, staying for months at a time in a rural cottage and attaining local status as something more than “blow-ins.” Yeadon’s delightful chronicle, At the Edge of Ireland captures the rhythms of this idyllic spot, largely unspoiled due to the state of its roads, which are primitive and unwelcoming even by Irish standards.

The breathtaking Irish landscape often defies verbal description, though that has not stopped writers from trying to get it right for centuries. Yeadon is as successful as anyone in this pursuit (he also supplies his own line drawings throughout), but even with its visits to standing stones and quaint villages, At the Edge of Ireland is less about Beara’s natural beauty, which is a given, and more about its people. Our intrepid guide is apt to strike up a conversation with anyone he encounters, and in so doing he learns how life on Beara has changed—most notably as the result EU fishing agreements (or some might say disagreements)—and how it has not. Given its serenity and widely-attested mystical aura (rumor has it there is a vein of powerful quartz crystal running beneath its rugged surface), the peninsula attracts countless artists, writers and spiritual seekers, many of whom are not native born. Curiously, the area’s most notable draw may be Dzogchen Beara, a world renowned Buddhist retreat.

With many non-Irish residents featured in the book, one might argue that Yeadon fails in his quest for the “real” Ireland, but even with its influx of eastern European workers, its harbor filled with Spanish fishing trawlers, and its parade of new age pilgrims, Beara retains an Irish authenticity. This is because the newcomers who call it home have a great respect for the old ways and wish to preserve them. Ireland for them is not merely Celtic music, Guinness, or myth-steeped literature—although these all have a place in their hearts. It is something deeper, a feeling that to be Irish is more of a sensibility than a genetic trait.

Whether the Beara Peninsula is “genuine” Ireland—or can remain so for long—may be unanswerable. But with observations such as this—“Sitting together on the grass by our cottage, long after the sun has drifted down behind the Skelligs, watching the moon-blanched mountains slip into the ocean beyond our beautiful white sand beach. And listening to the silence. And the silence listening to us.”—Yeadon certainly makes you want to pack a bag and head there to find out for yourself.

Robert Weibezahl was a student in Dublin a few years before the Celtic Tiger roared. While a return visit to Ireland last summer was enlightening, he, alas, has never visited the Beara Peninsula.

 

Ireland’s 20-year transformation from Europe’s poor stepchild to economic powerhouse has been well documented by both business and travel writers. David Yeadon is the later, well known for seeking out and reporting on some of the world’s less-traveled places. When Yeadon wondered if such a…

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Author Deborah McNaughton shares her own personal experience with debt in The Get Out of Debt Kit . She owed $300,000, and soon after canceling her family’s medical insurance, her daughter needed emergency brain surgery. After much stress and worry, she triumphed over the bills by negotiating with creditors and is now eminently qualified to share common sense advice on what to do when you feel overwhelmed by debt.

The Get Out of Debt Kit deals mainly with credit card debt, because Americans owe about $700 billion on their charge cards. The book includes worksheets for recording expenses, budgeting and keeping track of credit card balances. McNaughton advises paying off low-balance cards first and explains how to deal with harassing creditors. McNaughton isn’t anti-credit. In fact, she strongly recommends having two or three open accounts in your own name, even if you are married. Just don’t use them if you can’t pay off the balance when the bill comes. “Remember the ideal is to have credit without debt,” she says. An important concept that’s easy to forget.

Author Deborah McNaughton shares her own personal experience with debt in The Get Out of Debt Kit . She owed $300,000, and soon after canceling her family's medical insurance, her daughter needed emergency brain surgery. After much stress and worry, she triumphed over the…
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Adam and Eve most definitely lived in Ohio. Or China. Or the North Pole, or Mesopotamia.

Actually, the real location of the Garden of Eden (if indeed there was a Garden of Eden) is something of a mystery. In the thought-provoking Paradise Lust, author Brook Wilensky-Lanford explores why this Biblical paradise still fascinates so many. It may be an unanswerable question, relating to some intangible human need to understand our origin. She calls a well-known archaeologist to ask just why people care so much.

“You tell me,” he replies. “You’re the one calling from halfway around the world.”

Fair enough.

So Wilensky-Lanford goes directly to the source, so to speak: Genesis, which describes Eden as being situated between four rivers (Pishon, Gihon, Tigris and Euphrates). “The Bible sounds positively nonchalant: if you can pinpoint the four rivers, you can locate paradise,” Wilensky-Lanford writes. “In fact, many Eden seekers claimed that the unusually matter-of-fact description was the reason they decided to look for Eden to begin with—it just sounded like a real place.” Real enough to draw the attention of everyone from the first president of Boston University—William Fairfield Warren, a Methodist minister who firmly believed Eden was in the North Pole—to Elvy Callaway, a Baptist Floridian who opened the Garden of Eden Park right there near Pensacola in 1956. Paradise Lust recounts their journeys and those of others with buoyant humor and fascinating historical tidbits.

This is the first book for Wilensky-Lanford, who has written for ?Salon.com and other publications. If you want dramatic pronouncements about the latitude and longitude of the Garden of Eden, you’ll have to look elsewhere. As Wilensky-Lanford notes, “No matter how unassailable a theory of Eden seems, it will be assailed.” But if you’re looking for a sly and entertaining account of the ongoing search for paradise, Paradise Lust is it.

Adam and Eve most definitely lived in Ohio. Or China. Or the North Pole, or Mesopotamia.

Actually, the real location of the Garden of Eden (if indeed there was a Garden of Eden) is something of a mystery. In the thought-provoking Paradise Lust, author Brook Wilensky-Lanford…

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Admit it, ladies: When it comes to cosmetics, one brand of lipstick is much like the next pigment in a waxy carrier, some slight variation on pink or red, priced at a huge mark-up over the modest cost of production.

But it’s a rare woman who is brutally realistic about makeup. After all, the whole point of putting it on is to create a fantasy self. In a psychological sense, changing your face is changing your life.

In her entertaining, intelligent new book Color Stories: Behind the Scenes of America’s Billion-Dollar Beauty Industry, Mary Lisa Gavenas deglamourizes the glamour business without forgetting that what ultimately matters is how the consumer feels about herself. A “color story” is beauty industry jargon for a company’s seasonal collection of lipstick, nail polish and eye shadow, along with the advertising slogans that tie them together: “Go Tropical,” “Winter Beach,” “A Moment in Tuscany.” But Gavenas shows that “stories” are also the very essence of the $29 billion industry, from the way a pioneering entrepreneur like Helena Rubenstein or Mary Kay created her persona to the way mall department stores sell their wares through “makeovers.” Gavenas is herself a beauty industry vet, both as a magazine journalist and as an employee of companies as different as Avon and Yves Rocher. She’s able to provide a comprehensive overview of the business in a relatively short book by leading readers month by month through the development of a spring seasonal collection.

Her lively behind-the-scenes accounts of fashion shows and magazine photo shoots broaden into informative discussions of industry trends. And while Gavenas’ tone is light, she doesn’t avoid the less attractive side of the beauty world, such as the industry’s stubborn and largely successful fight against safety regulations.

The book is particularly interesting as it tells of the smart, hard-working women who became millionaires with their paints and powders. The Big Three were the long-gone Rubenstein, Elizabeth Arden and Estee Lauder, but it’s a career still open to female talent, as the success of Bobbi Brown demonstrates. However, Gavenas also points out that men head all but one of the biggest mass market companies. Appropriately enough, Color Stories begins and ends at a Bellevue, Washington, mall, where the purchases made by ordinary women illustrate the truth that makes this industry near recession-proof. They may not be able to afford designer dresses or trips to Tahiti, but women can always find optimism at the cosmetics counter. Anne Bartlett is a journalist in South Florida.

Admit it, ladies: When it comes to cosmetics, one brand of lipstick is much like the next pigment in a waxy carrier, some slight variation on pink or red, priced at a huge mark-up over the modest cost of production.

But it's…
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Many of filmmaker and fashion photographer Jerry Schatzberg’s images in Paris 1962: Yves Saint Laurent and Christian Dior, the Early Collections are purposely blurred or grainy, suggesting the breakneck pace of the Parisian shows. Taken on assignment for Esquire magazine, Schatzberg’s mostly black-and-white photographs capture staff setting up chairs, editors scribbling notes, and shows, photo shoots and after-parties in progress. Women in the audience wear pearls and dark glasses; models backstage drape themselves in robes or trench coats, sometimes with cigarette and champagne in hand.

An informative essay by Vanity Fair contributing editor Patricia Bosworth comes late in the book, putting the photos into context (readers learn, for example, that models wore their own shoes and did their own hair and makeup). This is an era, as documented in Schatzberg’s studies, of gloves and large hats, extra-long false eyelashes and proper little suits for daywear – Twiggy, Mary Quant and Carnaby Street had yet to steal the scene. In Paris 1962, youth and fashion, both fleeting by nature, are frozen, perfectly preserved for fashionistas and photography buffs alike.

Many of filmmaker and fashion photographer Jerry Schatzberg's images in Paris 1962: Yves Saint Laurent and Christian Dior, the Early Collections are purposely blurred or grainy, suggesting the breakneck pace of the Parisian shows. Taken on assignment for Esquire magazine, Schatzberg's mostly black-and-white photographs capture…

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