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Summer travels to great American cities frequently involve trips to those cities’ famous art museums, whether to enjoy the renowned art collections or simply to beat the heat. But as you soak up the art (and the air-conditioning), have you ever stopped to wonder how such European treasures as Italian Renaissance masterpieces, classic Impressionist works and iconic British portraits wound up in an art museum in, say, Boston, Philadelphia or New York City?
Old Masters, New World explores these questions in fascinating detail, delving into the early 20th-century’s Gilded Age and the wealthy industrialists who turned their American ingenuity (and their considerable fortunes) to acquiring some of the world’s most iconic works of art. Along the way, as they sought to rectify the lack of art and culture that had so disenchanted the critic Henry James, among others, with American life, these tycoons helped to establish collections – New York’s Frick Collection, Boston’s Museum of Fine Arts and Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum, and, of course, the Metropolitan Museum of Art – that have remained cultural landmarks today.

Despite the beauty of these valuable masterpieces, often the methods of their attainment were anything but pretty – involving cut-throat competition, unscrupulous agents and dealers, and the kind of ruthless acquisitiveness that had already made American businessmen and industrialists the most powerful in the world. By focusing on individual collectors, collections and even on the often-fascinating stories of individual paintings, Saltzman brings this fast-paced, high-stakes world vividly to life.

Saltzman, who has degrees in both art history and business, is perhaps uniquely qualified to tell these stories, interspersing detailed descriptions of particular paintings with accounts of their purchase and acquisition. Appealing to history buffs, art lovers and biography fans Old Masters, New World will certainly give visitors to our country’s premier art museums something new to ponder.

Norah Piehl is a writer and editor who lives near Boston.

Summer travels to great American cities frequently involve trips to those cities’ famous art museums, whether to enjoy the renowned art collections or simply to beat the heat. But as you soak up the art (and the air-conditioning), have you ever stopped to wonder how such European treasures as Italian Renaissance masterpieces, classic Impressionist works […]
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One sad lesson to be learned from Side Effects: when you’re considering whether to take a new medication, don’t assume anything. Don’t assume the medical researchers didn’t manipulate their findings. Or that the pharmaceutical company released all its data. Or that the Food and Drug Administration made sure the medicine is safe. Alison Bass, a former Boston Globe reporter who specializes in medical issues, delivers that tough truth through the tale of Paxil, a popular antidepressant widely prescribed for children and adolescents – before it became clear that Paxil and similar drugs increase suicidal thoughts among some pediatric patients. The FDA now requires warning labels on those medications, but that step came only after a struggle between “Big Pharma” and patient advocates.

Bass focuses on a precedent-setting legal case brought by the New York State Attorney General’s Office against GlaxoSmithKline, accusing the company of hiding negative findings about Paxil. She humanizes the somewhat complex story through the experiences of a handful of dogged whistleblowers: a legally blind prosecutor who noticed the data in a key Paxil study didn’t match its positive conclusion; a health care administrator who stumbled over what Bass says were research misdeeds at Brown University; and a psychiatrist who first reported in 1990 that some patients became suicidal after they were prescribed Prozac.

The whistleblowers’ persistence has paid off to some extent. The FDA has become somewhat more vigilant, and medical journals are more careful about the research they publish. But Bass shows that ethically dubious financial ties between pharmaceutical companies and the medical research community continue unabated. Her prime example is a senior psychiatrist at Brown implicated in questionable practices in the Paxil case and others. He refused to speak to Bass, and remains in good standing at Brown.

Anne Bartlett is a journalist in Washington, D.C.

One sad lesson to be learned from Side Effects: when you’re considering whether to take a new medication, don’t assume anything. Don’t assume the medical researchers didn’t manipulate their findings. Or that the pharmaceutical company released all its data. Or that the Food and Drug Administration made sure the medicine is safe. Alison Bass, a […]
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While the master punster might consider himself a-word winning and totally wit the times, apparently the trend in contemporary humor is to maintain that we’ve long ago out-groan such base verbiage. Or so says John Pollack in his new book The Pun Also Rises, which seeks to explain, esteem and indeed redeem the age-old act of wordplay.

Pollack, who once served as a presidential speechwriter and freelance foreign correspondent, got his punning start at an early age, when he surprised his (apparently easily impressed) parents with the assertion that “bears go barefoot”—a statement that set him on a lifelong quest for snippy quips and double entendre. The book opens, in fact, with Pollack’s recount of his 1995 O. Henry World Championship Pun-Off win, which had him battling competitors in categories like football and airplane parts to make the most (and funniest) puns in the given subject. Many of the resulting punch lines are lame (“I guess if I’m going to B-52 next week I’m never going to C-47 again”), but Pollack’s overarching message comes through: punning is as much about training one’s brain to work a certain way as it is about the actual jokes one produces.

From there, the book goes on to explain the origins and anatomy of the pun, including the nuances between the different kinds (homonyms, word order, etc.) and how they’ve evolved throughout history (Bard-buffs will be interested to learn that Macbeth features one of the first recorded knock-knock jokes, for instance).

Pollack is at his best, however, when explaining the way the brain works as it hears, mishears, and contextualizes wordplay. Something that might seem like an easy cognitive leap—the simultaneous understanding of the words “tents” and “tense” for example—actually requires highly complicated brain functions, he shows, and often our appreciation of punning is directly related to the reward of “getting” the second, less-immediate contextual clue.

The Pun Also Rises loses steam in later chapters, as Pollack seeks to elevate wordplay to unnecessarily noble or subversive levels. This isn’t to say that punning hasn’t been used to political and social ends, but simply that the value in this small, quirky and impassioned book comes not from the author’s defense of his subject, but rather from the joy he takes in dissecting the pun itself.

 

While the master punster might consider himself a-word winning and totally wit the times, apparently the trend in contemporary humor is to maintain that we’ve long ago out-groan such base verbiage. Or so says John Pollack in his new book The Pun Also Rises, which seeks to explain, esteem and indeed redeem the age-old act of […]
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Forty-five years after John F. Kennedy’s assassination, Ted Sorensen’s adoration of his old boss shines as brightly in Counselor: A Life at the Edge of History as it did when the two men were laying the foundation for what came to be known as “The New Frontier.” Kennedy hired Sorensen as his legislative assistant in 1953 shortly after being elected to the Senate and kept him on at increasing levels of responsibility throughout his presidency.

It was a strange pairing from the start. Kennedy was a Massachusetts-born, Harvard-educated, Catholic war hero with fairly conservative leanings, while Sorensen was a politically progressive Nebraska native of Danish and Russian Jewish origin, a Unitarian and a registered conscientious objector. Still, they hit it off immediately. Sorensen found in Kennedy the makings of an idealist, someone who had the industry, intelligence, good will and charisma to fulfill Sorensen’s own liberal political values. Both had a rich sense of humor.

While conceding that Kennedy was unfaithful in his marriage, Sorensen does little more than nod toward that subject. In his eyes, Kennedy’s weaknesses were trivial compared to the good he achieved as president in furthering civil rights, orchestrating the removal of Russian missiles from Cuba without going to war, lobbying for nuclear disarmament and putting America on the road to pre-eminence in space exploration. He dutifully notes his superior’s flaws, such as failing to censure Joseph McCarthy and being a latecomer to the civil rights cause, but he clearly considers these as aberrations in an otherwise noble personality.

A year after joining Kennedy’s staff, Sorensen began writing speeches for him and remained his chief scribe from that point on. Without discounting his own considerable input, he does deny the still pervasive rumor that he wrote Kennedy’s best-selling 1956 book, Profiles in Courage. He credits the senator with conceiving the idea, masterminding the research and doing much of the writing and editing. Profiles was such a success that instead of assigning Sorensen half of its income, as he had done for articles his assistant had ghosted in his name, Kennedy paid him a large flat fee, the amount of which the usually candid author chooses not to disclose.

Sorensen’s descriptions of his companionship with Kennedy, both in his office and on the interminable campaign tours, are charming glimpses into the ways politics used to be done – before the proliferation of pollsters, media advisors, opposition researchers and frenzied fundraising schemes. (Kennedy, of course, was amply funded by his father.) Always at his boss’ elbow – a factor, he admits, that hastened the breakup of his first marriage – Sorensen explains the various strategies that ultimately calmed the electorate’s fear of Kennedy’s Catholicism. It boiled down to the youthful-looking senator convincing voters that he truly believed in the separation of church and state. Sorensen observes that all the fears of religious dominance conservative Protestants then voiced against Kennedy have now been fulfilled by a Protestant president.

Counselor is one of the most readable political memoirs one could hope for. While not as breezy and gossipy as Arthur Schlesinger Jr.’s Journals, it does convey the intensity, excitement and joy of those who believe that government, properly inspired and executed, can be a great force for good.

Edward Morris watches politics from Nashville.

Forty-five years after John F. Kennedy’s assassination, Ted Sorensen’s adoration of his old boss shines as brightly in Counselor: A Life at the Edge of History as it did when the two men were laying the foundation for what came to be known as “The New Frontier.” Kennedy hired Sorensen as his legislative assistant in […]
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The writings of George Orwell (Animal Farm) and Evelyn Waugh (Brideshead Revisited) engaged and electrified international audiences in the first half of the 20th century. In that, these British literary lions – each with decidedly different lifestyles – are similar. Writer David Lebedoff (Cleaning Up) uncovers deeper similarities in The Same Man: George Orwell and Evelyn Waugh in Love and War, a refreshing dual biography that compares and contrasts the lives and works of these authors, both of whom held the same (dim) views of totalitarianism, morality and the future of our modern world.

At a glance, the lives of George Orwell and Evelyn Waugh seem no more alike than chalk is to cheese. Though both were born in 1903 England into the same social class, their paths diverged as they were educated, grew to manhood against a background of world war, and pursued their literary callings (meeting only once). During his boarding school days, the sensitive Orwell was cruelly bullied (torture he later chronicled in the essay “Such, Such Were the Joys”). Waugh had a brash lineage (his grandfather’s nickname was “The Brute”), and was a schoolboy bully who would later habitually torment both friend and foe alike. Orwell, a socialist and atheist, chose a hard life of near poverty. Waugh, a conservative and an ardent Catholic convert, was an unabashed social climber who courted the moneyed, aristocratic echelons of British society. Waugh lived into his 60s, gaining early success as a writer; Orwell’s writings remained fairly obscure until shortly before his death at age 46.

The conceit of examining opposites to excavate similarities has driven many classic tales, and it is employed with deft honesty here, despite Lebedoff’s effusive fondness for these authors. The Same Man is a first-rate read, an adroit portrait of two prescient thinkers who feared, with the steady upward and so-called progress of the Modern Age, our collective fall into “a bottomless abyss.” Enlivened by Lebedoff’s trenchant observations of the authors’ inner and outer worlds, it is pulled down slightly by the final chapter, which strays occasionally into unfocused conjecture irrelevant to this biography’s worthy premise.

Alison Hood plans to re-read Animal Farm and Brideshead Revisited before summer’s end.

The writings of George Orwell (Animal Farm) and Evelyn Waugh (Brideshead Revisited) engaged and electrified international audiences in the first half of the 20th century. In that, these British literary lions – each with decidedly different lifestyles – are similar. Writer David Lebedoff (Cleaning Up) uncovers deeper similarities in The Same Man: George Orwell and […]
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Reading Crazy U—journalist Andrew Ferguson’s hilarious, scary account of his son’s college application process—made me think my own children should get cracking.

They are 6 and 3.

Ferguson, editor of the Weekly Standard, takes no prisoners as he writes about the big business that our higher education system has become. He eviscerates the inane, tightly choreographed college campus tours (try not to snort when he describes a Harvard admissions officer “shimmering” into the room for an open house). He meets a $40,000-a-pop private counselor who helps grease the wheels for admission into the Ivy League. He takes the SAT, earning a math score “somewhere below ‘lobotomy patient’ but above ‘Phillies fan.’ ”

All the while, Ferguson’s son is sweating through this in real time. He applies to the Big State University (they live in Virginia—draw your own conclusions), a couple of stretch schools (Georgetown, Villanova) and some safety schools (Virginia Tech, Indiana University). The application essays are just as tedious as I remember from my own college days: It seems nowadays colleges insist that every 17-year-old describe a life-changing epiphany in a 500-word essay. So what happens to those teenagers who are not yet in touch with their rich inner life, as required in our Oprah-fied society?

“I’m a white kid living in the suburbs,” Ferguson’s son moans. “I’m happy. My family is happy. My brother Timmy didn’t die.”

“You don’t have a brother Timmy,” Ferguson points out.

“Exactly,” his son retorts. “Then what am I going to write about?”

Ferguson makes a superb case for stopping the insanity in higher education, from the overblown marketing to the broken financial aid system. Yet Crazy U is not a diatribe, and in fact Ferguson doesn’t offer a prescription to cure what ails college admissions. He simply shines a (very funny) light on the issues, and offers an important reminder that not every young American needs a $200,000 degree to live a good life.

Reading Crazy U—journalist Andrew Ferguson’s hilarious, scary account of his son’s college application process—made me think my own children should get cracking. They are 6 and 3. Ferguson, editor of the Weekly Standard, takes no prisoners as he writes about the big business that our higher education system has become. He eviscerates the inane, tightly […]

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