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America’s Great Migration, which saw over six million black Americans relocate from the South to either the North, Midwest or West over the period from 1915-1970, has certainly been the subject of numerous articles, essays, books and even television documentaries over the years. Yet Pulitzer Prize-winning author and journalist Isabel Wilkerson’s new volume The Warmth of Other Suns finds a way to make this worthy yet familiar topic fresh and exciting by moving the focus from the general to the specific. Her decision to examine this incredible event through the eyes of three individuals and their families allows her to make gripping personal observations while providing readers with the broader details and analysis necessary to put the event into its proper perspective.

She selects Ida Mae Brandon Gladney from Mississippi (1937), George Swanson Starling from Florida (1945) and Robert Joseph Pershing Foster from Louisiana (1953), following them on their journeys. They had no idea about where they were going beyond the feeling that it had to be better and offer more opportunity than their current conditions. They were more than willing to sit in cramped, segregated train cars and put their fears aside in search of a new land.

Through more than 1,200 interviews with principals and related individuals, Wilkerson shows how this migration helped change the nation’s political and cultural landscape. From the businesses and communities that were built to those that were abandoned, the music, food and customs that moved to new regions and helped forge a host of hybrid and innovative fresh creations, and the political impact the migrants had on their new cities (the first black mayors of each major Northern and Western city in the Great Migration were participants and family members of this movement), there’s no question this was an epic period in American history.

Yet Wilkerson’s book is also about triumph and failure; it is a study in how this move not only changed the course of a country, but affected those who weren’t always doctors, lawyers or academics. As both its main figures and their relatives recall their past with a mixture of joy, wonder, satisfaction and occasionally sadness or regret, The Warmth Of Other Suns shows that memorable and poignant tales often come from people and places no one expects.

America’s Great Migration, which saw over six million black Americans relocate from the South to either the North, Midwest or West over the period from 1915-1970, has certainly been the subject of numerous articles, essays, books and even television documentaries over the years. Yet Pulitzer Prize-winning author and journalist Isabel Wilkerson’s new volume The Warmth of […]
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Tales of conflict, brutality and oppression have unfortunately become so commonplace in the 24/7 news cycle that many people are no longer shocked or horrified by these accounts. But even the most hardened cynic will be moved by the revelations in the stunning new book In The Shadow of Freedom by former child soldier Tchicaya Missamou, who wrote this remarkable narrative with Los Angeles playwright, author and screenwriter Travis Sentell.

From the age of seven, Missamou willingly participated for years in the horrific civil war that’s ravaged his native Democratic Republic of the Congo for decades. He acknowledges killing friends and neighbors. He watched others being turned into drug addicts as part of the military’s recruiting process while also becoming a killing machine himself.

Yet, even as he was doing this, Missamou instinctively knew these actions were wrong. He documents the psychological toll of his choices in a vivid, clear fashion, detailing how the deaths were affecting him. Finally, he put down his guns and reunited with his mother and siblings.

Eventually Missamou discovered he’d have to abandon his country if he truly wanted to live in peace, particularly when the military insisted he once more take up arms as a 19-year-old. The book’s middle section spotlights his escape, chronicling the sacrifices his family made to ensure his escape. These included his father’s arrest, beating and deliberate infection with HIV by angry army officials.

But Missamou’s determination to revamp and change his life perseveres, and he continues battling against all obstacles. The story takes him from Belgium to Paris to America and covers days spent in poverty, a stint working at a martial arts studio, subsequent enlistment in the U.S. Marines and his rise to a wartime leadership position in Afghanistan. Using skills from an earlier time, Missamou headed the squad that rescued Jessica Lynch. Later he became an American citizen and a business owner while earning a doctorate in education.

Despite its chronicle of survival and triumph, In the Shadow of Freedom contains many sobering aspects alongside the inspirational elements and aspects. Tchicaya Missamou’s resilience and will enabled him to keep seeking redemption and salvation where others might have given up, but he downplays having any special qualities. Instead he pays homage to those family members who paid the ultimate price to help him and others that encouraged, supported and assisted him. This book is a powerful and moving account of a heroic transformation that also shows readers the true meaning of such concepts as freedom and patriotism. 

Tales of conflict, brutality and oppression have unfortunately become so commonplace in the 24/7 news cycle that many people are no longer shocked or horrified by these accounts. But even the most hardened cynic will be moved by the revelations in the stunning new book In The Shadow of Freedom by former child soldier Tchicaya […]
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Jan de Hartog, one of those rare talents who wrote well in two languages, was best known in his native Netherlands for Holland’s Glory, a nautical tale that was hugely popular among the Dutch as they endured Nazi occupation in World War II. But in the United States, where he eventually relocated, he is remembered most fondly for his historical novels about the Quakers, particularly The Peaceable Kingdom.

When de Hartog died in 2002 at 88, he left behind an exquisite short memoir about his mother’s death, now published as A View of the Ocean. It offers insight into his own decision in midlife to join the Society of Friends, but its more important theme is universal: how we can come to terms with losing our parents, learning more about both them and ourselves in the process.

De Hartog was lucky in his parents. His father was a famous Protestant minister and university professor who spoke out against the Nazis; his mother was a woman of gentle mien and steel spine who did heroic work among her fellow prisoners in a Japanese detainment camp in Dutch Indonesia during the war. Both were devoted Christians who truly lived their beliefs. But de Hartog’s experiences in the war pushed him toward cynicism and doubt.

His widowed mother Lucretia’s difficult death from stomach cancer at 79 helped him find his way back to their faith. A View of the Ocean does not spare us the pain and near-madness she suffered, nor his own emotional extremes. De Hartog’s description of his mother’s last days is wrenching, but it is also uplifting in the best sense. As he nursed his mother, de Hartog had a kind of spiritual epiphany, all the more striking for being incomprehensible to him as it happened. He only came to understand its significance following her death, as he got to know her Quaker friends. Her death, in all its agony, brought him to what Quaker founder George Fox called an infinite ocean of light and love. Even if you don’t share de Hartog’s beliefs, you’ll be moved by his honest and beautiful testimony. Anne Bartlett is a journalist in Washington, D.C.

Jan de Hartog, one of those rare talents who wrote well in two languages, was best known in his native Netherlands for Holland’s Glory, a nautical tale that was hugely popular among the Dutch as they endured Nazi occupation in World War II. But in the United States, where he eventually relocated, he is remembered […]
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Prepare to feast your eyes and break your heart. Sebastian Copeland’s Antarctica: The Global Warning is a gorgeous coffee-table book laden with photos of the white continent that are both beautiful and damning. Al Gore’s An Inconvenient Truth proved that the issue of global warming can’t penetrate the hearts of non-scientists through words alone; it needs pictures. Pictures of melting icebergs and vanishing snow cover. Antarctica: The Global Warning follows up on the pictorial approach, bringing expert art photography into the equation. Mikhail Gorbachev, founding president of Green Cross International, wrote the book’s foreword, and actor Leonardo DiCaprio contributed the preface. The book’s presiding genius, though, is photographer/activist Copeland, whose photos of ice sculptures floating in warming Antarctic seas and stranded ocean birds tell most of the story. Antarctica is quietly feeling the effects of global warming at five times the rate of the rest of the world, Copeland informs us. Antarctic seas are warming faster than waters in more temperate zones. Antarctic victims birds, bears, historic ice shelves have no media voice.

It makes sense to start caring, though. If too much of Antarctica melts, it will raise the level of the world’s oceans and wipe out coastal communities from New York to Santiago. Can a coffee-table book contribute seriously to the global warming discussion? Does the beauty of Antarctica’s scenery goad us into action or lull us into a dream state? Readers will have to decide what they think of bewildered penguins standing valiantly atop cliffs that have been shorn of ice. And readers will have to speculate on what those giant skeletons of picked over bones, lying in the middle of an Antarctic plain, tell us about the future of our planet.

Prepare to feast your eyes and break your heart. Sebastian Copeland’s Antarctica: The Global Warning is a gorgeous coffee-table book laden with photos of the white continent that are both beautiful and damning. Al Gore’s An Inconvenient Truth proved that the issue of global warming can’t penetrate the hearts of non-scientists through words alone; it […]

The headlines from the 2008 financial crisis targeted macro catastrophes: the collapse of Lehman Brothers, the perils of AIG, government bailouts. But the crisis also encompassed thousands of discrete dramas lived by homeowners with rotten mortgages. How did these nameless cope with the crumbling dream of homeownership, and how did they come to have that dream in the first place? Paul Reyes tackles these questions in Exiles in Eden, a compelling combination of memoir, history and reportage from one of the states hardest hit by the housing collapse.

Reyes (with whom I have worked at The Oxford American) is in a special position to tell this story. His father’s business is “trashing out” foreclosed Tampa-area homes—cleaning houses abandoned by owners who could not meet the payments. Working with his father’s crew, Reyes comes to know many evictees only through the detritus they have left behind. Others he tracks down—a former drug addict and current deacon who thought he had his life on track until the bank called; a man too stubborn to accept payment for his keys who one day simply disappears.

This portion of the book began as a National Magazine Award-nominated article for Harper’s. With Exiles in Eden, Reyes expands the scope of that piece in several ways. He examines his father’s personal history, from his early promise as an architect and engineer to his current struggles against the corporate trash-out giants the housing crisis has spawned. He reports on Max Rameau, a Miami activist who shelters families by putting them in houses legally the property of banks. He explores Lehigh Acres, a town built on hucksterism and the marketable appeal of homeownership rather than sustainable development—and a town where Reyes owns a quarter-acre because his parents fell prey to that hucksterism on their honeymoon in 1969.

Readers may wish that Exiles in Eden had gone into more detail about the rarified financial concepts it occasionally toys with. But Reyes offers something harder to come by: a reflection on the struggle between development and nature; on the clash between the rule of law and justice in housing; and on the many ways a life can be rocked by foreclosure.

 

The headlines from the 2008 financial crisis targeted macro catastrophes: the collapse of Lehman Brothers, the perils of AIG, government bailouts. But the crisis also encompassed thousands of discrete dramas lived by homeowners with rotten mortgages. How did these nameless cope with the crumbling dream of homeownership, and how did they come to have that […]
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When their sons and husbands leave home to sneak into the United States, Mexican women ask the underlying question in Crossing Over: Will they arrive or will they die? Three million illegal Mexican aliens some say it’s really more than twice that number are in the United States because they won the life-or-death gamble against the desert, the Rio Grande and vigilant border guards. Thousands of others lost, and their women at home never got an answer.

In 1996, a speeding pickup truck crammed with 27 undocumented Mexicans tried to elude the Border Patrol and hurtled into a ditch in Temecula, California. Among the eight who died were three brothers, Benjamin, Jaime and Salvador Chavez. Author RubŽn Mart’nez visited the grieving family and kept in close touch with its members as they made their way to California’s strawberry fields, Missouri’s tomato farms and a Wisconsin slaughterhouse knowing that if they remained in Mexico they and their children would be frozen in futureless poverty.

Through the Chavez clan, Martinez skillfully depicts elements of migrant culture the fatigue of a back-breaking day in the fields, the ever-present fear of being caught, the bitter dealings with coyotes yes, coyotes. That’s the name given to the smugglers who demand from $500 to $3,000 per person to shepherd their migrant clients on the road to an American future and who have no compulsion against abandoning them when things go wrong.

Especially riveting is the tale of the dead brothers’ sister, Rosa, who decides to join her husband in the U.S. Cradling her two-year-old daughter, Yeni, Rosa crawls under barbed wire fences, staggers up desert hills, sits in a van so crowded she has to ask permission to stretch her legs and for two weeks eats little more than potato chips and sips soda. Years from now, a grown-up Yeni probably won’t remember the trip, but Rosa will. And so will you.

The follow-up to the author’s 1993 nonfiction book The Other Side, which also examines Hispanic culture, Crossing Over appears at an appropriate time during the national debate on immigration reform. It presents a compelling and compassionate case on behalf of foreigners who aspire to the low-paying jobs that most Americans don’t want.

Alan Prince of Deerfield Beach, Florida, is an ex-newsman and college lecturer.

 

When their sons and husbands leave home to sneak into the United States, Mexican women ask the underlying question in Crossing Over: Will they arrive or will they die? Three million illegal Mexican aliens some say it’s really more than twice that number are in the United States because they won the life-or-death gamble against […]

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